Indwara zifata ubwonko. Itondekanya rya NDDs rishobora gushingira ku bipimo bitandukanye, harimo gukwirakwiza anatomique yo gukwirakwiza neurodegeneration (nka disipiraramidal disorders, frontotemporal degeneration, cyangwa spinocerebellar ataxias), molekuline yibanze idasanzwe (nka amyloide-β, prion, tau, cyangwa α-synuclein), cyangwa indwara zikomeye za clinique (indwara ya Parkinson, amyotrophique). Nubwo hari itandukaniro mubyiciro no kwerekana ibimenyetso, imvururu nka Indwara ya Parkinson (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerose (ALS), na Alzheimer's Disease (AD) basangiye inzira zisanzwe zitera imikorere mibi ya neuronal ndetse no gupfa kwa selile.
Hamwe na miliyoni ku isi yose yibasiwe na NDDs, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima rivuga ko mu 2040, izo ndwara zizaba ku mwanya wa kabiri mu guhitana abantu benshi mu bihugu byateye imbere. Mugihe hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura kugabanya no gucunga ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'indwara zihariye, uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya umuvuduko cyangwa gukiza iterambere ryibi bihe biracyoroshye. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana impinduka zo kuvura zivuye mu micungire y’ibimenyetso gusa zikoresha uburyo bwo kurinda selile kugirango hirindwe kwangirika. Ibimenyetso byinshi byerekana ko guhagarika umutima no gutwika bigira uruhare runini muri neurodegeneration, bigashyira ubwo buryo nkintego zikomeye zo kurinda selile. Mu myaka yashize, ubushakashatsi bwibanze n’ubuvuzi bwerekanye ubushobozi bwa Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) mu kuvura indwara zifata ubwonko.
Gusobanukirwa Ubuvuzi bwa Hyperbaric Oxygene (HBOT)
HBOT mubisanzwe ikubiyemo kongera umuvuduko hejuru yikirere 1 cyuzuye (ATA) - umuvuduko winyanja - mugihe cyiminota 90-120, akenshi bisaba amasomo menshi bitewe nuburyo bwihariye buvurwa. Umuvuduko ukabije wumwuka utezimbere itangwa rya ogisijeni mu ngirabuzimafatizo, ari naryo ritera ikwirakwizwa ry’ingirabuzimafatizo kandi rikazamura uburyo bwo gukira bwahujwe n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikura.
Mu ntangiriro, ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya HBOT ryashingiwe ku itegeko rya Boyle-Marriott, riteganya kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije w’imyuka ya gaze, hamwe n’inyungu za ogisijeni nyinshi mu ngingo. Hariho indwara zitandukanye zizwiho kugirira akamaro leta ya hyperoxic yakozwe na HBOT, harimo uduce twa nerotic, ibikomere by'imirasire, ihahamuka, gutwika, syndrome de compte, na gas gangrene, nibindi byashyizwe ku rutonde n’ubuvuzi bwa Undersea na Hyperbaric. Ikigaragara ni uko HBOT yerekanye kandi imbaraga nkumuti wongeyeho muburyo butandukanye bwindwara zanduza cyangwa zandura, nka colitis na sepsis. Bitewe nuburyo bwo kurwanya inflammatory na okiside, HBOT itanga amahirwe akomeye nkinzira yo kuvura indwara zifata ubwonko.
Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwa Hyperbaric Oxygene ivura Indwara za Neurodegenerative: Ubushishozi buva kuri Model ya 3 × Tg
Bumwe mu bushakashatsi bugaragarayibanze ku buryo bwa 3 × Tg bwerekana imbeba yindwara ya Alzheimer (AD), yerekanaga ubushobozi bwo kuvura HBOT muguhindura deficit ya cognitive deficits. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku mbeba y'amezi 17 y'imbeba 3 × Tg ugereranije n'imbeba y'amezi 14 y'imbeba C57BL / 6 ikora nk'igenzura. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko HBOT itatezimbere imikorere yubwenge gusa ahubwo yanagabanije cyane gucana, umutwaro wa plaque, na Tau fosifora - inzira ikomeye ijyanye na AD patologiya.
Ingaruka zo gukingira HBOT zatewe no kugabanuka kwa neuroinflammation. Ibi byagaragajwe no kugabanya ikwirakwizwa rya microglial, astrogliose, hamwe no gusohora cytokine. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bishimangira uruhare rwa HBOT mu kuzamura imikorere y’ubwenge mu gihe icyarimwe kugabanya uburyo bwa neuroinflammatory bujyanye n'indwara ya Alzheimer.
Ubundi buryo bwa preclinical bwakoresheje imbeba 1-methyl-4-fenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) kugirango isuzume uburyo bwo kurinda HBOT kumikorere ya neuronal nubushobozi bwa moteri. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko HBOT yagize uruhare mu kuzamura ibikorwa bya moteri no gufata imbaraga muri izo mbeba, bifitanye isano no kwiyongera kwa biyogène ya mitochondrial biogenesis, cyane cyane binyuze muri SIRT-1, PGC-1α, na TFAM. Ibi birerekana uruhare rukomeye rwimikorere ya mitochondrial mumikorere ya neuroprotective ya HBOT.
Uburyo bwa HBOT mu ndwara zifata ubwonko
Ihame shingiro ryo gukoresha HBOT kuri NDDs rishingiye ku isano iri hagati yo kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni no kwanduzwa n’imihindagurikire y’imitsi. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) igira uruhare runini nkimpapuro zandikirana zituma imiterere ya selile ihindagurika ryumuvuduko ukabije wa ogisijeni kandi ikaba yaragize uruhare muri NDD zitandukanye zirimo AD, PD, Indwara ya Huntington, na ALS, bikerekana ko ari intego yibiyobyabwenge.
Bitewe n'imyaka kuba ikintu gikomeye gishobora gutera indwara nyinshi zifata ubwonko, gukora ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka za HBOT ku gusaza kwa neurobiology ni ngombwa. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko HBOT ishobora kunoza imyaka ijyanye nimyaka yo kumenya ubwenge.Byongeye kandi, abarwayi bageze mu zabukuru bafite ubumuga bukomeye bwo kwibuka bagaragaje iterambere ryubwenge no kwiyongera kwamaraso yubwonko nyuma yo guhura na HBOT.
1. Ingaruka za HBOT kuri Inflammation na Oxidative Stress
HBOT yerekanye ubushobozi bwo kugabanya neuroinflammation kubarwayi bafite imikorere mibi yubwonko. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya cytokine itera inflammatory (nka IL-1β, IL-12, TNFα, na IFNγ) mugihe igenga cytokine irwanya inflammatory (nka IL-10). Bamwe mu bashakashatsi bavuga ko ubwoko bwa ogisijeni (ROS) butangwa na HBOT buhuza ingaruka nyinshi z’ubuvuzi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, usibye ibikorwa byacyo biterwa nigitutu cyo kugabanya no kugabanuka kwinshi kwa ogisijeni yuzuye, ibisubizo byiza bifitanye isano na HBOT biterwa ahanini ninshingano zifatika za ROS yakozwe.
2. Ingaruka za HBOT kuri Apoptose na Neuroprotection
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko HBOT ishobora kugabanya fosifora ya hippocampal ya p38 mitogen ikora protein kinase (MAPK), hanyuma igateza imbere kumenya no kugabanya kwangirika kwa hippocampal. Byombi HBOT yihariye kandi ifatanije na Ginkgo biloba ikuramo byagaragaye ko bigabanya imvugo ya Bax nigikorwa cya caspase-9/3, bigatuma igabanuka rya apoptose muburyo bwimbeba zatewe na aβ25-35. Byongeye kandi, ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko HBOT ibanziriza kwihanganira itera ischemia yubwonko, hamwe nuburyo bukubiyemo imvugo ya SIRT1 yiyongera, hamwe na lymphoma B-selile yongerewe 2 (Bcl-2) kandi bigabanya caspase-3 ikora, bishimangira imitekerereze ya HBOT ya neuroprotective na anti-apoptotic.
3. Ingaruka za HBOT mukuzenguruka kandiNeurogenezi
Kumenyekanisha ingingo kuri HBOT byajyanye ningaruka nyinshi kuri sisitemu yimitsi iva mumitsi, harimo no kongera ubwonko bwamaraso bwubwonko, gutera angiogenezi, no kugabanya indwara. Usibye gutanga ogisijene yiyongera kumubiri, HBOTitera imitsimugukora ibintu byandikirwa nkimitsi ikura ya endoteliyale no gukura kwingirabuzimafatizo.
4. Ingaruka za Epigenetike ya HBOT
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kwandura mikorobe ya endoteliyale ya muntu (HMEC-1) kuri ogisijeni hyperbaric igenga cyane ingirabuzima fatizo zigera ku 8101, harimo imvugo itagengwa kandi itagabanijwe, bikagaragaza ubwiyongere bw'imvugo ya gene ijyanye n'inzira zo gusubiza antioxydeant.
Umwanzuro
Imikoreshereze ya HBOT yateye intambwe igaragara mugihe, yerekana ko iboneka, yizewe, numutekano mubikorwa byubuvuzi. Mugihe HBOT yakozweho ubushakashatsi nkubuvuzi butemewe na NDDs ndetse nubushakashatsi bwakozwe, haracyakenewe cyane ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kugirango hubahirizwe imikorere ya HBOT mukuvura ibi bihe. Ubundi bushakashatsi ni ngombwa kugirango hamenyekane uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura no gusuzuma urugero rw’ingaruka ku barwayi.
Muri make, ihuriro rya ogisijeni hyperbaric nindwara zifata ubwonko bwerekana imipaka itanga icyizere muburyo bwo kuvura, byemeza ko hakomeza ubushakashatsi no kwemezwa mubuvuzi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-16-2025